Topaz

Topaz is a gemstone known for its remarkable clarity and wide variety of colours ranging from bright whites and golden yellows to deep peaches to vibrant blues. It is highly valued for its lustre and durability, making it a popular choice in fine jewellery and statement pieces.

Chemical Composition: Fluorosilicate of Aluminium with Hydroxyl Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂

Crystal System: Orthorhombic

Refractive Index: 1.61 - 1.64

Specific Gravity: 3.4 - 3.6

Double Refraction: 0.008 - 0.010

Mohs Hardness: 8

Lustre: Vitreous

Topaz is found in several regions across the world, with significant deposits in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and the United States. Brazil is particularly renowned for producing high-quality imperial topaz, with its golden-orange hues. Meanwhile, Swiss topaz and London topaz, though almost always treated to enhance their colour, come from locations like Texas, Nigeria, and Madagascar.

Yes, topaz can be used in an engagement ring. With a hardness of 8, it is relatively durable. Swiss or London Blue topaz make an afforable alternative to blue sapphire. A protective setting, such as a bezel set or diamond halo, can help safeguard the gemstone against daily wear.

A topaz's value is determined by its colour, clarity, size, and origin. The most sought-after variety is imperial topaz, which exhibits a rich golden-orange or peach hue and commands premium prices. Natural pink and red topaz are also incredibly rare and valuable. Blue topaz, while beautiful, is generally more affordable due to its treatment process. As with most gemstones, topaz with high clarity and minimal inclusions is the most desirable.

Naturally, topaz is often colourless, with many of its vibrant hues achieved through heat or irradiation treatments. Most blue topaz available on the market has been heat-treated and irradiated, as naturally occurring blue topaz is rare. Imperial topaz may also be heat-treated to intensify its golden hues. These enhancements are widely accepted in the gemstone trade, but reputable sellers will disclose any treatments.

The rarest topaz variety is natural pink topaz, primarily found in Brazil and Pakistan. This shade is exceptionally scarce and highly prized by gem collectors. Imperial topaz, with its deep golden-to-peach hues, is also considered one of the most valuable forms of the gem. Another rare variety is colour-changing topaz, which shifts between different hues depending on the lighting. Unlike the more commonly available blue or white topaz, these exceptional specimens are rarely seen in the market.

Topaz is the traditional birthstone for November, alongside citrine. Imperial topaz, in particular, is closely associated with November’s birthstone tradition, though blue topaz is sometimes used as a modern alternative.

Topaz has long been associated with warmth, energy, and protection. In ancient times, it was believed to bring strength and intelligence to its wearer while dispelling negative energy. Across cultures, topaz has been a symbol of good fortune, making it a cherished gemstone for centuries.

Natural topaz is typically eye-clean, meaning it has very few internal marking thats are visible to the naked eye. Synthetic topaz is uncommon, but imitations made of glass or quartz may be passed off as the real thing. Because topaz is often treated to enhance its colour, it is important to purchase from a reputable source that discloses any enhancements. A trained gemologist can verify the authenticity of a topaz through specialised testing methods.